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The Buddhist theory of action and result is referred to using various expressions in both Sanskrit (or Pali) and English. In Sanskrit, this concept is referred to as either:
- Karmaphala - action and fruition
- The term phala is commonly translated as "fruition" or "fruit" (Keown, 2000, loc 810-813)
- Karmavipaka - action and result
- The term vipaka is translated as "result" or "maturation" (Keown, 2000, loc 810-813)
Karma (Sanskrit, also karman, Pli: kamma) is a Buddhist term that literally means "action" or "doing". In contemporary Buddhist teachings, the term karma is used in two senses:
- On the specific level, the term karma refers specifically to those actions which spring from the intention (Sanskrit, Pali: cetan) of a sentient being. Karmic actions are compared to a seed that will inevitably ripen into a result or fruition (referred to as vipka or phala in Sanskrit and Pali).
- On the general level, contemporary Buddhist teachers frequently use the term karma when referring to the entire process of karmic action and result (karmaphala in Sanskrit and Pali).
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