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An 1876 engraving of Khokar rajputs, from the Illustrated London News
KHOKHAR RAJPUTS.. a short brief:
Origins
H. A. Rose finds early references to the Khokhars in the Taj-ul-Ma'asir, the Tabaqat-i-Nasir and the Ain-i-Akbari, with the earliest certain record being in the first of these, which was written in 1205 AD. These ancient texts recount a rebellion against the Muslim governor of Sangwan that occurred during the rule of Muhammad of Ghor. There had been incorrect rumours that the Sultan had died and these led to uprisings, among which was that of the Khokhars. They joined in rebellion with Rai Sal, the ruler of the Salt Range, but were heavily defeated. Rose makes it clear that there is uncertainty regarding whether Rai Sal was himself a Khokhar.
Rose believe that the origin of the Khokhar lay probably in a Hindu community but that they are "obscure" and some of their traditions of origin do not stand scrutiny. The tribal folklore claims a connection to the Awan community through a son of Qutb Shah, but Rose dismisses it as "this pedigree probably merely records the fact that the Awans and Khokhars owe their conversion to Islam to the saint Qutb Shah or his disciples, or that they both accepted his teachings." Rose is unconvinced by the Awan traditional lore regarding Qutb Shah which states that he ruled Herat and came to India to fight with several of his sons, including one called Khokhar, when Mahmud of Ghazni was invading an area which nowadays forms part of Afghanistan, Pakistan and northern India. Rose believes that the names of the descendants of Qutb Shah who came to settle in India are clearly not of Arabic origin and therefore the connection between those people and their alleged ancestor are unlikely.
Ahmed Abdulla has summarised this situation more recently
... the Awans, Khokhars and Khatars claim common ancestry from Qutb Shah, who is said to have come from Ghazni with Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi, [but] scholars hold the view that they were most probably converted by Qutb Shah during Mahmud Ghaznnavi's reign and were not his descendants. This tendency of claiming foreign origin by some of the local tribes is not uncommon. "Even admittedly Rajput tribes of famous ancestry such as the Khokhar, have begun to follow the example of claiming connection with the Mughal conquerors of India or the Qureshi cousins of the prophet".
Aside from his work with the ancient texts, Rose also refers to an event of 1009 AD in which an infidel community known as the Gakkhars joined with Hindus to resist a Muslim invasion. He believes that these Gakkhars "in all probability" were the Khokhars.
Similarly, many campaigns were undertaken against the Khokhars by Sultan Shahabuddin Ghori in the Punjab and ultimately he was killed by the Khokhars of the Salt Range in March 1206. Any confusion which may once have existed regarding which tribe did what appears to have it origins in the works of Firishta. Rose points out that historians prior to Firishta were in agreement that it was the Khokkars who had killed Ghori, that Sheika and Jasrat were not Gakkhars and that, generally, Firishta confused the two tribes on several occasions. He noted that Firishta plagiarised some content of an earlier historian - Ibn-i-Asir - but applied it to the wrong tribe, and he speculated that Firishta may even have had some grudge against the Gakkhars because of their ill treatment of one of Firishta's relatives.
Historical figures such as Sheikha and Jasrat are nowadays regarded as being Khokhar.
Historical records
Coin of Mu'izzuddin Muhammad Bin Sam (Sultan Shahabuddin Muhammad Ghori), circa 1173-1206 , Issued from Delhi following coin typology of Prithviraja.
In 1240 AD, Razia, the daughter of Shams-ud-din Iltutmish marched with her husband Altunia to recapture the throne from her brother Muizuddin Bahram Shah, she is reported to have headed an army composed mostly of mercenaries from the Khokhar tribe of the Punjab
"In 1246-7 Balban mounted an expedition as far as the Salt Range to chastise the Khokhars" "His last campaign was undertaken with the object of subjugating the turbulent Khokhars of the Salt Range."
"The Khokhran section is said to consist of the descendants of certain Khatris who joined the Khokhars in rebellion against Ala-ud-din Khilji who ascended the throne of the Delhi Sultanate in AD 1296.);and with whom other Khatri families were afraid to intermarry ". The Khokhran were concentrated in the areas of the Salt Range and particularly Bhera. Although Lahore was reoccupied by Dehli, for the next twenty years Lahore remained in ruined condition, being sacked on several occasion by the Mongols or by their Khokhar allies. Around the same time a Mongol commander named Hulechu occupied Lahore in alliance with Khokhar chief Gulchand, the one time ally of Muhammad's father.
Shaikha Khokhar and Tamerlane
The Lahore Fort was badly damaged after being occupied by Shaikha Khokhar in 1393 A.D.
Shaikha Khokhar (sometimes Sheikha or Shuja) was a chief of the Khokhars in the 14th and early 15th centuries and a contemporary of Tamerlane's invasions into Punjab. Shaikha occupied Lahore in 1393.
Monument of Timur (Tamerlane) in Tashkent.
'In Meantime Tamerlane marching from the north encamped outside Tulamba (October 13, 1398). After chastising some zamindars in the neighourhood and seizing a large number of cattle he passed on leaving the fort uncaptured. He then halted at Jal (or may be at a 'chal'or lake on the Bias 'opposite Shahpur' from which he marched out with a flying column to chastise Nusrat Khokhar who was encamped in swampy ground on the bank of the lake. The 'unsanctified Indians' being defeated and the 'God forsaken being slain', the army moved to Shahnawaz.
Jasrath Khokhar
Jasrath/Jasrat or Dashrath Khokhar was the son of Shaikha Khokhar and leader of the Khokhars in the 15th century.
On the death of Taimur, Jasrat escaped from prison, returned home and assumed the leadership of his tribe and set himself up at Sialkot. Intervening in the civil war in Kashmir between Ali Shah and Shahi Khan, while favouring the latter he gained immensely by his victory. Being enriched with wealth and equipment and fortified by the friendship of the new King of Kashmir, he conceived of conquering Delhi. The joining of Tughan Rais, after his defeat at the hands of Khizr Khan's general, Zirak Khan, further strengthened his hands and emboldened him in his designs. Availing himself of the opportunity provided by the death of Khizr Khan, he crossed the Ravi, the Beas and the Satluj, swooped down upon the Governor of Ludhiana, Rai Kama-ud-Din Firoz Mian, at Talwandi, defeated him and drove him to the east. Encouraged by that victory, he ravaged the country as far as Rupar and, recrossing the Satluj, laid siege to Jullundur, worsted and imprisoned the Governor, Zirak Khan. From there, He marched on Sirhind, but the rains delayed his plan of conquest
Samarkand in Uzbekistan. Jasrath was captured and brought here after Shaikha Khokhar's defeat in 1398 AD:
In 1428 AD , The Mughal armies, under Shaikh Ali of Kabul, invaded and a contingent of Khokhars headed by 'ain-ud-din and malik abu-l-khair joined them at Talwara to guide them onwards.
He did not, however, live to see the fruition of his plan, for, in A.D. 1442, he was murdered by his queen to avenge the death of her Father, Rai Bhilam.
Grand-nephew of Jasrath Khokhar aligned with Mughal Emperor Akbar
Buland Darwaza built by emperor Akbar in 1602 A.D.
In the time of the Mughal Emperor Akbar, the Khokhars held portions of the Bari Doab, the Jullunder and Rachna Doabs, Multan and portions of Jammu and Sialkot, with a population estimated at 200,000 souls.:
"In March 1557, Akbar was at Delhi when the news reached that an instigation of Mulla Abdulla Sultanpuri and Sikandar Sur had descended upon the plains of Jalandhar Doab and had started collecting the revenue. In consequence, Akbar was sent in charge of Bairam Khan to the Punjab and advanced by way of Sirhind, Sultanpur and Hariana on Kalanaur, while Sikandar Sur withdrew to Mankot. The imperial forces immediately advanced through Jalandhar to the Shivalik Hills and encamped at Dasuya. The hill Rajas, who had sided with Sikandar Sur deserted him and submitted to Akbar. After receiving the submission of the Raja of Kangra, Akbar took up his residence at Jalandhar, where among others, Kamal Khan, a grandnephew of Jasrath Khokhar before mentioned, waited on him and was well received. Akbar was now called to the east to meet Hemu, and during his absence Sikandar Sur defeated Khizr Khan, Governor of Lahore, at Chamiari, which may be the village of that name in the extreme north of the Jalandhar District. This disaster necessitated the return of Akbar, who had defeated Hemu at Panipat."
From the 1882 census
Rose says that:
:"On the other hand in Shahpur the Bhat are divided into Bunjahis and Khokhars, the latter suggesting the Khokhrain group of the Khatris thus
Section of Khokhars - Gotra
Sigarre Kushab
Nadhipotre Bhardwaj
Apat Balash
Jain Vashisht
Titles
Malik is used by Khokhars and Khokhran, and refers to chiefs, primarily by Qutab-Shahi Khokhars who claim to be descendants of Qutab Shah. Chaudhry is used by Khokhars in parts of Punjab. Raja is used by many Khokhars, and is commonly used by Rajputs in Punjab. Rana is also commonly used by Rajputs in Punjab, and is used by Khokhars in central and eastern Punjab. Rai is also used.
Divisions
There are several sub-divisions of the Khokhar tribe, such as the Bandial, Bhachar, Dhaulka, Ganjial, Jalap, Majoka, Rawal, and Denaar.
The Punjab and it's surrounding areas in 1903. The historical home of the Khokhar clan.
Samarkand in Uzbekistan. Jasrath was captured and brought here after Shaikha Khokhar's defeat in 1398 AD
The Lahore Fort was badly damaged after being occupied by Shaikha Khokhar in 1393 A.D.
Coin of Mu'izzuddin Muhammad Bin Sam (Sultan Shahabuddin Muhammad Ghori), circa 1173-1206 , Issued from Delhi following coin typology of Prithviraja.
Source: http://gold.dreab.com/p-Khokhar
Originally posted by: polly_03
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Originally posted by: polly_03
@ anu :
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Baji Prabhu Deshpande (Marathi: ???? ????? ????????) (died 1660) was one of the lieutenants (also known as sardar) of Chattrapati Shivaji, founder of the Maratha empire. The well celebrated legend of Baji Prabhu is intricately linked with an important rear guard battle enabling Shivaji's escape from Panhala fort, he was the hero who sacrificed his life for his king and country.
After defeating Afzal Khan and the rout of the Bijapuri army at Pratapgad, Shivaji continued to push deep into Bijapuri territory. Within a few days, the Marathas captured Panhala (near the city of Kolhapur). Meanwhile another Maratha force, led by Netaji Palkar, pushed straight on towards Bijapur. Bijapur repulsed this attack, forcing Shivaji and few of his sardars to retreat to Panhala Gad (fort).
The Bijapuri force was led by Siddhi Johar, an Abyssinian general. Discovering Shivaji's location, Johar laid siege to Panhala. Netaji Palkar made repeated attempts to break the Bijapuri siege from outside, but these failed.
Finally a very audacious and high risk plan was hatched and put in to action: Shivaji, Baji Prabhu Deshpande with a select band of troops would attempt to break through the siege at the night, and make for Vishalgadh. In order to deceive the Bijapuri forces, who would give a chase once they found that Shivaji had broken the siege, Shiva Nhavi, who had an uncanny physical resemblance to Shivaji, volunteered to dress like the king and let himself be captured.
On a stormy full moon's night (night of Guru Pournima, Ashadh Paurnima) a band of 600 select men, led by Baji Prabhu and Shivaji, broke through the siege. They were hotly pursued by the Bijapuri force. As planned, Shiva Nhavi allowed himself to be captured and taken back to the Bijapuri camp, fully comprehending that he would be put to death once the charade was discovered. This sacrifice, however gave the fleeing Maratha force some breathing space.
As soon as the Bijapuri force realized their mistake, the chase was on again, led by Siddhi Masood, the son-in-law of Siddhi Johar. Near the pass of Ghodkhind (Horse's Pass), the Marathas made a final stand. Shivaji and half of the Maratha force pushed for Vishalgadh, while Bajiprabhu and the remaining Bandal Sena of about 300 men blocked the pass.
Tradition and legend describe feats of valour displayed by the Marathas during this rear guard action. Through the entire battle, Bajiparbhu, even though grievously injured, continued fighting, inspiring his men to fight on until Shivaji's safe journey to Vishalgadh was signaled by the firing of three cannon volleys. It should be mentioned that when Shivaji approached Vishalgad with 300 men. The fort was already under siege by another Mughal sardar named Surve. Shivaji with his 300 men had to defeat Surve to reach the fort.
The pass was subsequently named Pavan Khind ("Holy Pass") by Shivaji, in honor of the sacrifice of Baji Prabhu and his troops. Shivaji also gave "manachi palkhi" ("Honor of the Court") to Baji Prabhu's family.Shivaji also gave "manache pahile paan" ("Honor of the Court") to Bandal Dehsmukh.
Baji Prabhu Deshpande was born into the CKP caste of scribes. A street is named after him in Thane City and Ambarnath, India, and a film of his story was made in 1939.
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