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Posted: 13 years ago

Originally posted by: Historylover



πŸ˜† google baba ki jai ho ⭐️
thanks for the infos khushi πŸ˜› ..ashoka se yaad aaye...in childhood i hated that movie...but a few days back when i watched it..i liked it more than present cgm πŸ˜‰ ...want to make a show on ashoka 😳 ...thanks for the national anthem too..wasnt able to log in on independence day 😳


google baba ki jai ho 🀣

btw i hvnt watched that ashoka 😳
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Posted: 13 years ago
achaa hi hai khushi warna brain ko heart attack aa jata πŸ˜† that movie is so slow πŸ₯±
aaj bhi 7-7 kos dur ...jab gaon mein bachha rota hai...toh maa kehti hai beta so ja...warna cgm aur asoka...dono ek saath dikha dungi 😈 🀣
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Remembering the Great son of Mother India Shivram Hari Rajguru on his Birthday(August 24, 1908 – March 23, 1931)

Rajguru was a great Indian freedom fighter who played a major role in the India's struggle for Independence. He is amongst those great Indian revolutionaries who sacrificed their lives for the freedom of country. His full name was Hari Shivaram Rajguru and was born into a Deshastha Brahmin family. Since his childhood days, had witnessed the brutal atrocities that the Imperial British Raj inflicted on India and her people. This instilled within him a strong urge to join hands with the revolutionaries in a bid for India's freedom struggle.

In the days of the Indian Freedom Movement, the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA) was an active force working against the British. Whilst their main motive was to strike fear into the heart of the British regime, they simultaneously spread awareness amongst the people. They made them take notice of the growing domestic uprising when they dealt crucial blows with attacks like in the Lahore Conspiracy Case ( 18th December, 1928) and the bombing of the Central Assembly Hall in New Delhi (8th April, 1929).

The protest against the Simon Commission in October 1928 saw the British police lathi-charge the protestors, severely injuring veteran leader Lala Lajpat Rai. Owing to the excessive beating, Lala succumbed to his injuries, which thus instilled revenge in the hearts of the revolutionaries. Thus, on 18th December, 1928 in Ferozepur, Lahore, a planned retaliation was enforced that led to the assassination of Deputy Superintendent of Police, J.P. Saunders. Shivaram Rajguru along with Sukhdev Thapar were accomplices of the legendary Bhagat Singh who spearheaded the attack. Rajguru then went into hiding in Nagpur. Whilst taking shelter in the house of an RSS worker, he even met Dr. K. B. Hedgewar. On his travel to Pune, however, Shivaram was finally arrrested. Bhagat Singh, Shivaram Rajguru and Sukhdev Thapar were then convicted of their crime and sentenced to death.

On 23rd March, 1931, the three brave revolutionaries were hanged, whilst their bodies were cremated on the banks of the River Sutlej. Shivaram Rajguru was only 23 years old when he became a martyr for his country,

You will always remain our Hero..

Jai Hind

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Posted: 13 years ago

Originally posted by: Historylover

achaa hi hai khushi warna brain ko heart attack aa jata πŸ˜† that movie is so slow πŸ₯±
aaj bhi 7-7 kos dur ...jab gaon mein bachha rota hai...toh maa kehti hai beta so ja...warna cgm aur asoka...dono ek saath dikha dungi 😈 🀣



🀣 bas kar yaar
main haste haste mar jaungi🀣
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Posted: 13 years ago
Leaders

Indian has produced a plethora of great leaders. Some of them have played a vital part in Indian freedom struggle while other have taken India to great heights post independence. The simplicity, courage, perseverance, and fortitude of these leaders continue to be a source of inspiration for the common masses. Here is a brief profile of famous Indian leaders.

Annie Besant
Aruna Asaf Ali
Aurobindo Ghose
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Shaheed Bhagat Singh
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
Chandrashekhar Azad
Dadabhai Naoroji
Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Jawaharlal Nehru
Lala Lajpat Rai
Lal Bahadur Shastri
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
Motilal Nehru
Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Rajiv Gandhi
Sardar Patel
Sarojini Naidu
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
Subhas Chandra Bose
Veer Savarkar
Kasturba Gandhi
Madam Cama
C.N. Annadurai
Jyoti Basu
Rajkumari Amrit Kaur
Sucheta Kriplani
Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit
Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Ajmal Khan
Mohan Kumaramangalam
R. K. Shanmukham Chetty
Rangarajan Kumaramangalam
Siddhartha Shankar Ray
Acharya Narendra Dev
Bagha Jatin
Bhulabhai Desai
Bidhan Chandra Roy
Chidambaram Subramaniam
E M S Namboodiripad
E V Ramasamy
Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi
Giani Zail Singh
Gulzarilal Nanda
Hasrat Mohani
Kamala Nehru
Khudiram Bose
M. G Ramachandran
Madan Mohan Malaviya
Pattabhi Sitaramayya
Bipin Chandra Pal
Chittaranjan Das
Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari
Gopinath Bordoloi
Jayaprakash Narayan
K Kamaraj
Mangal Pandey
Mridula Sarabhai
Rani Gaidinliu
S. Srinivasa Iyengar
Sir Surendranath Banerjee
Deendayal Upadhyaya
Dr Zakir Hussain
Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
Ram Manohar Lohia
V. V. Giri
K.R. Narayanan
Pramod Mahajan
Chandra Shekhar
Chaudhary Devi Lal
Chempakaraman Pillai
Indrajit Gupta
J.B. Kripalani
P.V. Narasimha Rao
R. Venkataraman
Rajesh Pilot
Vijayaraje Scindia
V.P. Singh
T.Sadasivam
T.T. Krishnamachari
Charan Singh
Morarji Desai
N. T. Rama Rao
Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
Rafi Ahmed Kidwai
Ram Prasad Bismil
Rash Behari Bose
S. Satyamurti
Shankar Dayal Sharma
Shyamji Krishna Varma
Shyama Prasad Mookerjee
V O Chidambaram Pillai
V. K. Krishna Menon
Vithalbhai Patel
Y S Rajasekhara Reddy
Purushottam Das Tandon
Madhavrao Scindia

-X-NeeNee-X- thumbnail
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Posted: 13 years ago
RIP!

India wouldn't have been India without you :)

Jai Hind!
Amor. thumbnail
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Posted: 13 years ago
are kahan ho saare ke saare history lovers πŸ˜”
Historylover thumbnail
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Posted: 13 years ago
sabse pehle toh main apna username change karun...i feel awkward sometimes 🀣...thanks for the awesome articles khushi πŸ˜›..loved shaheed rajguru's article...so proud of him...and thanks for list of leaders too πŸ˜ƒ
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Posted: 13 years ago

Adil Shahi dynasty


Bijapur Sultanate

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1527–1686 ?

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Bijapur Sultanate Territories under Ibrahim II, 1620 CE
CapitalBijapur
Language(s)Deccani Urdu
ReligionShi'a Islam
GovernmentMonarchy
Shah
- 1490–1510Yusuf Adil Shah
- 1510–1534Ismail Adil Shah
- 1534Mallu Adil Shah
- 1534–1558Ibrahim Adil Shah I
- 1558–1580Ali Adil Shah I
- 1580–1627Ibrahim Adil Shah II
Historical eraLate Medieval
- Established1527
- Disestablished1686
Part of a series on the
History of Karnataka
Political history of medieval Karnataka
GBerunda.JPG
Origin of Karnataka's name
Kadambas and Gangas
Chalukya Empire
Rashtrakuta Empire
Western Chalukya Empire
Southern Kalachuri
Hoysala Empire
Vijayanagara Empire
Bahmani Sultanate
Bijapur Sultanate
Kingdom of Mysore
Unification of Karnataka
Societies Economies
Architectures Forts
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The Adil Shahi or Adilshahi dynasty ruled the Sultanate of Bijapur in the Western area of the Deccan region of Southern India from 1490 to 1686. Bijapur had been a province of the Bahmani Sultanate (1347–1518), before its political decline in the last quarter of the 15th century and eventual break-up in 1518. The Bijapur Sultanate was absorbed into the Mughal Empire on 12 September 1686, after its conquest by the Emperor Aurangzeb.[1]

The founder of the Adil Shahi dynasty, Yusuf Adil Shah (1490–1510), was appointed Bahmani governor of the province, before creating a de-facto independent Bijapur state. Yusuf and his son, Ismail, generally used the title Adil Khan. 'Khan', meaning 'Chief' in Persian, conferred a lower status than 'Shah', indicating royal rank. Only with the rule of Yusuf's grandson, Ibrahim Adil Shah I (1534–1558), did the title of Adil Shah come into common use.

The Bijapur Sultanate's borders changed considerably throughout its history. Its northern boundary remained relatively stable, straddling contemporary SouthernMaharashtra and Northern Karnataka. The Sultanate expanded southward, first with the conquest of the Raichur Doab following the defeat of the Vijayanagar Empire at the Battle of Talikota in 1565. Later campaigns, notably during the reign ofMohammed Adil Shah (1627–1657), extended Bijapur's formal borders and nominal authority as far south as Bangalore. Bijapur was bounded on the West by the Portuguese state of Goa and on the East by the Sultanate of Golconda, ruled by the Qutb Shahi dynasty.

The former Bahmani provincial capital of Bijapur remained the capital of the Sultanate throughout its existence. After modest earlier developments, Ibrahim Adil Shah I (1534–1558) and Ali Adil Shah I (1558–1580) remodelled Bijapur, providing the citadel and city walls, Friday Mosque, core royal palaces and major water supply infrastructure. Their successors, Ibrahim Adil Shah II (1580–1627),Mohammed Adil Shah (1627–1657) and Ali Adil Shah II (1657–1672), further adorned Bijapur with palaces, mosques, mausolea and other structures, considered to be some of the finest examples of Deccan Sultanate and Indo-Islamic Architecture.

Bijapur was caught up in the instability and conflict resulting from the collapse of the Bahmani Empire. Constant warring, both with the Vijayanagar Empire and the other Deccan Sultanates, curtailed the development of state before the Deccan Sultanates allied to achieve victory over Vijayanagar at Talikota in 1565. Bijapur eventually conquered the neighbouring Sultanate of Bidar in 1619. The Portuguese Empire exerted pressure on the major Adil Shahi port of Goa, until it was conquered during the reign of Ibrahim II. The Sultanate was thereafter relatively stable, although it was damaged by the revolt of Shivaji, his father was Maratha commander in the service of Mohammed Adil Shah. Shivaji founded an independent Maratha Kingdom which went on to become Maratha Empire one of largest empire in present day India. The greatest threat to Bijapur's security was, from the late 16th century, the expansion of the Mughal Empire and into the Deccan. Although it may be the case that the Mughals destroyed the Adilshahi it was Shivaji's revolt which weakened the Adilshahi control. Various agreements and treaties imposed Mughal suzerainty on the Adil Shahs, by stages, until Bijapur's formal recognition of Mughal authority in 1636. The demands of their Mughal over-lords sapped the Adil Shahs of their wealth until the Mughal conquest of Bijapur in 1686.


Historical overview

Genealogy of Yusuf Adil Shah
Ibrahim Adil Shah II

The founder of the dynasty, Yusuf Adil Shah, was likely a Bahmani nobleman, a Persian (Tajik) [2]descent from Badakhshan. According to the historian Mir Rafi-uddin Ibrahim-i Shirazi, or Rafi', Yusuf's full name was Sultan Yusuf 'Adil Shah Sawa or Sawa-i, the son of Mahmud Beg of Sawa in Iran, (Rafi' 36–38, vide Devare 67, fn 2). Rafi's history of the 'Adil Shahi dynasty was written at the request of Ibrahim Adil Shah II, and was completed and presented to the patron in AH 1017. The Indian scholar T.N. Devare mentioned that while Rafi's account of the Bahmani dynasty is filled with anachronisms, his account of the Adilshahi is "fairly accurate, exhaustive, and possesses such rich and valuable information about Ali I and Ibrahim II" (312). Rafi-uddin later became the governor of Bijapur for about 15 years (Devare 316).

Rafi' account is less well known than that of the popular historian Firishta, the author of theTarikh-i Firishta, also known as the Gulshan-i Ibrahim. Rafi's account of the life of Yusuf 'Adil Shah directly contradicts a popular myth penned by Firishta. According to Firishta, Yusuf was the son of the Ottoman Emperor Murad II. After the Sultan Murad II's death, and the crown prince's succeeded to the throne, all of the other sons of the emperor were executed. Firishta fabricated a story that Yusuf's mother secretly replaced Yusuf with a slave boy and sent him to Persia. After many romantic adventures, Yusuf reached the court of the Bidar Sultanate. T.N. Devare found that other historians of the time, Mir Ibrahim Lari-e Asadkhani, and Ibrahim Zubayri, the author of theBasatin as-Salatin, favored Rafi's account and rejected this account provided solely by Firishta (Devare 67, fn 2).

Despite the obvious fabrication of Yusuf's Ottoman origin, Firishta's account continues to be very popular today in Bijapur. Devare observed that the work is "a general history of India from the earliest period up to Firishta's time written at the behest of Ibrahim Adil Shah II and presented to him in 1015 AH/1606 CE. It seems however that it was supplemented by the author himself as it records events up to AH 1033 (1626 CE). This is the most widely quoted history of the Adil Shahi, and it is the source of the story that Yusuf was an Ottoman prince" (Devare 272).

Yusuf's bravery and personality raised him rapidly in Sultan's favor, resulting in his appointment as the Governor of Bijapur. He built theCitadel or Arkilla and the Faroukh Mahal. Yusuf was a man of culture. He invited poets and artisans from Persia, Turkey and Rome to his court. He's well known as a ruler who took advantage of the decline of the Bahmani power to establish himself as an independent sultan at Bijapur in 1498. He did this with a military support which has been given to him by a Bijapuri general Kalidas Madhu Sadhwani– brilliat commander and good diplomat, who made quick career by supporting Yusuf Adil Shah and then his son – Ismail Adil Shah. He married Punji, the sister of a Maratha warrior. When Yusuf died in 1510, his son Ismail was still a boy. Punji in male attire valiantly defended him from a coup to grab the throne. Ismail Adil Shah thus became the ruler of Bijapur and succeeded his father's ambition.

Chand Bibi, the regent of Bijapur (1580–90)

Ibrahim Adil Shah I who succeeded his father Ismail, fortified the city and built the old Jamia Masjid. Ali Adil Shah I who next ascended the throne, aligned his forces with other Muslim kings of Golconda, Ahmednagar and Bidar, and together, they brought down the Vijayanagar empire. With the loot gained, he launched ambitious projects. He built the Gagan Mahal, the Ibrahim Rauza (his own tomb), Chand Bawdi (a large well) and the Jami Masjid. Ali I had no son, so his nephew Ibrahim II was set on the throne. Ali I's queen Chand Bibi had to aid him until he came of age. Ibrahim II was noted for his valor, intelligence and leanings towards the Hindu music and philosophy. Under his patronage the Bijapur school of painting reached its zenith. Muhammad Adil Shah succeeded his father Ibrahim II. He is renowned for Bijapur's grandest structure, the Gol Gumbaz, which has the biggest dome in the world with whispering gallery round about slightest sound is reproduced seven times. He also set up the historical Malik-e-Maidan, the massive gun.

Ali Adil Shah II inherited a troubled kingdom. He had to face the onslaught of the Marathaleader Shivaji on one side and Mughal emperor Aurangzeb on another. His mausoleum, Bara Kaman, planned to dwarf all others, was left unfinished due to his death. Sikandar Adil Shah, the last Adil Shahi sultan, ruled next for fourteen stormy years. Finally on 12 September 1686, the Mughal armies under Aurangzeb overpowered the city of Bijapur.

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Sufis of Bijapur

Arrival of Sufis in Bijapur region was started during the reign of Qutbuddin Aibak. During this period Deccan was under the control of native Hindu rulers and Palegars. Shaikh Haji Roomi was the first to arrive in Bijapur with his companions. Although his other comrades like Shaikh Salahuddin, Shaikh Saiful Mulk and Shaikh Haji Makki were settled in Pune, Haidra and Tikota respectively.

According to Tazkiraye Auliyae Dakkan i.e., Biographies of the saints of the Deccan, compiled by Abdul Jabbar Mulkapuri in 1912–1913,

"Sufi Sarmast was one of the earliest sufi of this region. He came to the Deccan from Arabia in the 13th Century at a time when the Deccan was a land of unbelievers with no sign of Islam or correct faith anywhere. His companions, pupils (fakir), disciples (murid), and soldiers (ghazi), numbered over seven hundred. He settled in Sagar in Sholapur district. There, a zealous and anti-Muslim raja named Kumaram (Kumara Rama) wished to expel Sufi Sarmast, and his companions having also prepared to a struggle, a bitter fight ensued. Heroes on both sides were slain. Finally the raja was killed by the hand of his daughter. Countless Hindus were killed, and at this time Lakhi Khan Afghan and Nimat Khan came from Delhi to assist him. Hindus were defeated and the Muslims were victorious. The rest of theHindus, having accepted tributary status, made peace. Since by nature he was fundamentally not combative, Sufi Sarmast spread the religion of Mohammed and befriended the hearts of Hindus. Having seen his fine virtue s and uncommon justice, many Hindus of that time accepted Islam, finally he died in the year A.H.680 i.e., 1281 A.D.[3]"

After this period arrival of Sufis in Bijapur and suburbs was started. Ainuddin Gahjul Ilm Dehelvi narrates that Ibrahim Sangane was one of the early Sufis of Bijapur parish. Sufis of Bijapur can be divided into three categories according to period of their arrival viz., Sufisbefore Bahmani and / or Adil Shahi Dynasty, Sufis during Adil Shahi Dynasty and Sufis after the fall of Adil Shahi Dynasty. And further it can be classified as Sufis as worriors, Sufis as social reformers, Sufis as scholars, poets and writers.

Ibrahim Zubairi writes in his book Rouzatul Auliyae Beejapore (compiled during 1895) which describes that more than 30 tombs or Dargahs are there in Bijapur with more than 300 Khankahs i.e., Islamic Missionary Schools with notable number of disciples of different lineage like Hasani Sadat, Husaini Sadat, Razavi Sadat, Kazmi Sadat, Shaikh Siddiquis, Farooquis, Usmanis, Alvis, Abbasees and other and spiritual chains like Quadari, Chishti, Suharwardi, Naqshbandi, Shuttari, Haidari etc.

Some of the notable Sufis of Bijapur

Tomb or Dargah of Sufi Saint Hazrat Murtuza Quadri located at western side Bijapur
  • Haji Roomi
  • Peer Ma'abari Khandayat
  • Ibrahim Sangane
  • Hazrat Hafiz Husaini
  • Hazrat Hamza Husaini
  • Ainuddin Ganjul Uloom
  • Ziauddin Gaznavi
  • Shah Sibghatullah Shuttari (buried in Madeenah)
  • Shaikh Hameed Quadari
  • Shaikh Lutfullah Quadari
  • Hazrat Hashimpeer Dastageer
  • Murtuza Quadari Haidari
  • Shaikh Muntajibuddin Dhoulaki Siddiqui
  • Khwaja Shamshul Ushaq
  • Khwaja Burhanuddin Janam
  • Khwaja Ameenuddin Aala
  • Sayyad Qasim Quadari
  • Sayyad Mustafa Quadari
  • Sayyad Shah Mohammed Husaini Quadari Basheban
  • Sayyad Abul Hasan Quadari
  • Sayyad Abdur'Razaq Quadari
  • Sayyad Habibullah Sibghatullahi
  • Haji Makki popularly known as Haji Mastan of Tikota
  • Abdur Rahmaan Chishti
  • Abdur Rahmaan Shuttari
  • Kareem Muhammad Husaini
  • Sayed Ja'afar Sakaf Quadri Mukbil Sadat
  • Ta'azeem Tark
  • Sayyad Burqa Posh
  • Sayyad Abdul Gaffar Shaheed
  • Shaikh Nasrullah Wali
  • Shaikh Nayeemuddin Quadri
  • Shaikh Muhammad Quadari Peer Bhadaa Bhad Majzoob
  • Chingi Deewan

[edit]Bijapur: The Great Metropolis Of The Medieval Deccan

Gol Gumbaz

In the second half of sixteenth century, and seventeenth century under the aegis of Adil Shahis, the capital city of Bijapur occupied a prominent place among the celebrated cities of India. It was a great centre of culture, trade and commerce, education and learning etc. It was known for its own culture called, Bijapur Culture. During Bijapur's heyday of glory there was a conflux of different communities and the people. Sometimes in many respects it surpassed the great cities of Delhi and Agra of MughalIndia. Before Yusuf Adil Shah, the founder of the Adil Shahis could make Bijapur as capital of his newly carved kingdom; the town occupied a considerable importance. TheKhiljis made Bijapur their governor's seat, and after sometime Khwajah Mahmood Gawan, the Bahmani premier constituted Bijapur region into a separate province. He owned property in Bijapur called "Kala Bagh". He constructed a mausoleum of Hazrath Ain-ud-Din Ganj-ul-'ullum. The architecture of the mausoleums of Hazrath Zia-ud-Din Ghaznavi, Hazrath Hafiz Husseini and Hazrath Hamzah Husseini etc. suggests that these edifices belong to the Bahmani period.[4] Thus Bijapur was fairly large town under the early Sultans of Adil Shahi dynasty. The capital progressed slowly, however its star was in ascendancy since the accession of Sultan Ali Adil Shah I in 1558. His victory in the Battle of Talikota in 1565 and further campaigns in the Krishna-Tunghabhadra regions brought enormous wealth. Hence he began to spend lavishly on its decoration. Under him every year saw some new building, a palace, a mosque, a bastion, or a minaret peeping up its proud head triumphantly. His successor Ibrahim Adil Shah II added, so to say, a pearl necklace, Ibrahim Rouza to enhance the beauty of Bijapur, and Mohammed Adil Shah crowned it with a priceless gem called Gol Gumbaz. Thus the Adil Shahi monarchs poured their heart and soul in the capital city. The period between accessions of Ali Adil Shah I 1558 to the death of Mohammed Adil Shah 1656, can be called the golden age of the Adil Shahis as the kingdom flourished in all walks of life.


Palmyra of the Deccan

It was due to the secular nature and liberal patronage of the Sultans from the different parts of world many scholars, poets, painters, dancers, calligraphers, musicians, Sufi saints and other men of arts flocked into Bijapur. Hence Seventeenth century called Bijapur as the 'Palmyra of the Deccan'.[5]

[edit]Population and Suburbs

During the reign of Ibrahim Adil Shah II the population of Bijapur is stated to have reached 984000 and had incredible total of 1600 mosques. Under Mohammed Adil Shah population further increased. Historian J. D. B. Gribble writes

"in and around the suburbs of Shahpur only a million people lived. Within fort walls when shelter became difficult the Sultans founded the suburbs of Fatehpur, Aliabad, Shahpur or Khudanpur, Chandpur, Inayatpur, Ameenpur, Nawabpur, Latifpur, Fakirpur, Rasoolpur, Afzalpur, Padshahpur, Rambhapur, Aghapur (wrongly called Ogapur),[6] Zohrapur, Khadijahpur, Habibpur, Salabatpur, Yarbipur, Tahwarpur, Sharzahpur, Yakubpur, Nauraspur, Dayanatpur, Sikandarpur, Quadirpur, Burhanpur, Khwaspur, Imampur, Ayinpur Bahamanhall etc,[7] these suburbs spread in circumference of fifteen miles of Bijapur. From all sides, the gates of Bijapur fort were thoroughly connected with roads, and the people had good amenities.
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